- Collapsed/failed State
- Corruption
- Extremes: rich/poor
- Warfare
- Lack of national plans
- Displacement
- Lack of law and order
- Lack of political will
- Insufficient funds for long-term programmes
- War/political economy
- Deprivation of women's social and civil rights
- Lack of rehabilitation and development by government
- Brain drain
- Low participation of civil society
- Mistrust
- Gross violation of human rights
- Traumatized people
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- Life saving: emergency
- Short-term
- Coordination/info sharing
- Hardware eg technical
- Taking over form government
- Withdrawal due to security situation and adaptation to prevailing situation
- Micro-level intervention
- Dealing with symptoms
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- Good will: political and economical
- Emphasis on rules and regulations/code of conduct and principles
- Agreement on new set-up of a government/administration
- Increase in bilateral/multilateral funding
- Transitional period
- Focus on national planning
- Increased interest for reconstruction by government and international community
- Returning of refugees and Diaspora
- Demobilization and demilitarization
- Hopes and optimism for better future leading to new commitments
- Emphasis on women's participation
- Emphasis on role of civil society
- Emphasis on effective govt. institutions building
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- Life sustaining programmes
- Longer term programming
- Software eg attitudes
- Bridging role
- Linking: government, local communities, international community, and private sector
- Facilitation
- Capacity building and development
- Adaptation?
- How to facilitate smooth transition from CPE to Reconstruction
- Changes required in organizations to meet the needs for a smooth transition
- Address or efforts to address the root causes of problems
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